Monday, February 17, 2020

ADVANTAGES OF THE COPPER OPTICAL FIBER CABLE



SPEED: fiber optic networks operate at high speeds, up to gigabits
• BAND WIDTH: large load capacity
• DISTANCE: signals can be transmitted even more without the need to "update" or strengthen.
• RESISTANCE: greater resistance to electromagnetic noise, such as radios, motors or other nearby cables.
• MAINTENANCE: maintenance of fiber optic cables costs much less.
In recent years, it has become apparent that the optical fiber constantly replaces the copper cable as an appropriate means of transmitting the communication signal. They cover long distances between local telephone systems and provide the support structure for many network systems. Other users of the system include cable television services, university campuses, office buildings, industrial plants and electric utility companies.
A fiber optic system is similar to the copper wire system that the fiber optic is replacing. The difference is that the optical fibers use pulses of light to transmit information along the fiber lines instead of using electronic pulses to transmit information along the copper lines. Observing the components of a fiber optic chain will allow you to better understand how the system works in combination with cable-based systems.

There is a transmitter at one end of the system. This is the place of origin of the information of the fiber optic lines. The transmitter accepts information encoded in the electronic pulses of the copper wire. Then it processes and translates this information into coded pulses of light in an equivalent manner. A light emitting diode (LED) or an injection laser diode (ILD) can be used to generate light pulses. Using a lens, the light pulses are channeled to the fiber optic medium where they travel along the cable. Light (near infrared) is often 850 nm for shorter distances and 1,300 nm for longer distances in multimode fiber and 1300 nm for single mode fiber and 1,500 nm is used for longer distances.

Think of a fiber cable in terms of a very long cardboard roll (from inside the kitchen roll) covered by a mirror. If you turn on a flashlight at one end, you can see the light coming out of the other end, even if it has become a corner. Light pulses move easily along the fiber optic line due to a principle known as total internal reflection. "This principle of total internal reflection states that when the angle of incidence exceeds a critical value, the light cannot leave the glass; instead, the light bounces again. When this principle is applied to the construction of the optical fiber, it is possible to transmit information through fiber lines in the form of light pulses. The core must be a very clear and pure material for light or, in most cases, for near infrared light (850 nm, 1300 nm and 1500 nm). core can be plastic (used for very short distances), but most of it is made of glass. Optical glass fibers are almost always made of pure silica, but some other materials, such as fluorozirconates, fluorinated glass and chalcogenide, they are used for infrared applications of longer wavelengths.

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