SPEED: fiber optic networks
operate at high speeds, up to gigabits
• BAND WIDTH: large load capacity
• DISTANCE: signals can be
transmitted even more without the need to "update" or strengthen.
• RESISTANCE: greater resistance
to electromagnetic noise, such as radios, motors or other nearby cables.
• MAINTENANCE: maintenance of
fiber optic cables costs much less.
In recent years, it has become
apparent that the optical fiber constantly replaces the copper cable as an
appropriate means of transmitting the communication signal. They cover long
distances between local telephone systems and provide the support structure for
many network systems. Other users of the system include cable television
services, university campuses, office buildings, industrial plants and electric
utility companies.
A fiber optic system is similar
to the copper wire system that the fiber optic is replacing. The difference is
that the optical fibers use pulses of light to transmit information along the
fiber lines instead of using electronic pulses to transmit information along
the copper lines. Observing the components of a fiber optic chain will allow
you to better understand how the system works in combination with cable-based
systems.
There is a transmitter at one end
of the system. This is the place of origin of the information of the fiber optic
lines. The transmitter accepts information encoded in the electronic pulses of
the copper wire. Then it processes and translates this information into coded
pulses of light in an equivalent manner. A light emitting diode (LED) or an
injection laser diode (ILD) can be used to generate light pulses. Using a lens,
the light pulses are channeled to the fiber optic medium where they travel
along the cable. Light (near infrared) is often 850 nm for shorter distances
and 1,300 nm for longer distances in multimode fiber and 1300 nm for single
mode fiber and 1,500 nm is used for longer distances.
Think of a fiber cable in terms
of a very long cardboard roll (from inside the kitchen roll) covered by a
mirror. If you turn on a flashlight at
one end, you can see the light coming out of the other end, even if it has
become a corner. Light pulses move easily along
the fiber optic line due to a principle known as total internal reflection.
"This principle of total internal reflection states that when the angle of
incidence exceeds a critical value, the light cannot leave the glass; instead,
the light bounces again. When this principle is applied to the construction of
the optical fiber, it is possible to transmit information through fiber lines
in the form of light pulses. The core must be a very clear and pure material
for light or, in most cases, for near infrared light (850 nm, 1300 nm and 1500
nm). core can be plastic (used for very short distances), but most of it is
made of glass. Optical glass fibers are almost always made of pure silica, but
some other materials, such as fluorozirconates, fluorinated glass and
chalcogenide, they are used for infrared applications of longer wavelengths.
Also read : google fiber technician salary
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